This section details the most common industrial and daily-use alloys, categorised by their base metal family.
1. Steels and Iron Alloys
| No. | Alloy Grade / Common Name | Nominal Chemical Composition | Density (g/cm³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mild Carbon Steel (A36) | Balance Fe, 0.25–0.29% C, 1.0% Mn | 7.85 |
| 2 | Medium Carbon Steel (1045) | Balance Fe, 0.43–0.50% C, 0.6–0.9% Mn | 7.84 |
| 3 | High Carbon Steel (1095) | Balance Fe, 0.90–1.03% C, 0.3–0.5% Mn | 7.82 |
| 4 | Stainless Steel 304 (18/8) | Balance Fe, 18–20% Cr, 8–10.5% Ni, <0.08% C | 7.93 |
| 5 | Stainless Steel 316 (Marine) | Balance Fe, 16–18% Cr, 10–14% Ni, 2–3% Mo | 8.00 |
| 6 | Stainless Steel 430 | Balance Fe, 16–18% Cr, <0.12% C, <0.75% Ni | 7.75 |
| 7 | Stainless Steel 420 | Balance Fe, 12–14% Cr, >0.15% C, 1% Mn | 7.80 |
| 8 | Tool Steel (D2) | Balance Fe, 11–13% Cr, 1.4–1.6% C, 0.7–1.2% Mo, 0.9% V | 7.70 |
| 9 | Tool Steel (O1) | Balance Fe, 0.85–1.0% C, 1.0–1.4% Mn, 0.5% Cr, 0.5% W | 7.83 |
| 10 | High-Speed Steel (M2) | Balance Fe, 6% W, 5% Mo, 4% Cr, 2% V, 0.85% C | 8.16 |
| 11 | Cast Gray Iron | Balance Fe, 2.5–4.0% C, 1.0–3.0% Si, 0.4–1.0% Mn | 7.20 |
| 12 | Ductile (Nodular) Iron | Balance Fe, 3.2–3.6% C, 2.2–2.8% Si, <0.05% Mg | 7.10 |
| 13 | Galvanized Steel | Base Carbon Steel (Fe/C) with a hot-dip 99% Zn coating | 7.85 |
| 14 | Chromoly Steel (4130) | Balance Fe, 0.8–1.1% Cr, 0.15–0.25% Mo, 0.3% C | 7.85 |
| 15 | Silicon Steel (Electrical) | Balance Fe, 1.5–3.5% Si, <0.05% C | 7.65 |
| 16 | Manganese Steel (Hadfield) | Balance Fe, 11–14% Mn, 1.0–1.4% C | 7.87 |
| 17 | Alnico (Alnico 5) | Balance Fe, 24% Co, 14% Ni, 8% Al, 3% Cu | 7.30 |
| 18 | Kovar | Balance Fe, 29% Ni, 17% Co | 8.36 |
| 19 | Invar (FeNi36) | Balance Fe, 36% Ni | 8.05 |
| 20 | Maraging Steel (Grade 300) | Balance Fe, 18.5% Ni, 9% Co, 5% Mo, 0.6% Ti, <0.03% C | 8.10 |
2. Aluminum Alloys
| No. | Alloy Grade / Common Name | Nominal Chemical Composition | Density (g/cm³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21 | Aluminum 6061-T6 | Balance Al, 0.8–1.2% Mg, 0.4–0.8% Si, 0.25% Cu, 0.2% Cr | 2.70 |
| 22 | Aluminum 6063 | Balance Al, 0.45–0.9% Mg, 0.2–0.6% Si | 2.70 |
| 23 | Aluminum 3003 | Balance Al, 1.0–1.5% Mn, 0.12% Cu | 2.73 |
| 24 | Aluminum 3004 | Balance Al, 1.0–1.5% Mn, 0.8–1.3% Mg | 2.72 |
| 25 | Aluminum 5052 | Balance Al, 2.2–2.8% Mg, 0.15–0.35% Cr | 2.68 |
| 26 | Aluminum 7075 | Balance Al, 5.1–6.1% Zn, 2.1–2.9% Mg, 1.2–2.0% Cu | 2.81 |
| 27 | Aluminum 2024 | Balance Al, 3.8–4.9% Cu, 1.2–1.8% Mg, 0.3–0.9% Mn | 2.78 |
| 28 | Duralumin | Balance Al, 4.4% Cu, 1.5% Mg, 0.6% Mn | 2.79 |
| 29 | Aluminum A356 (Cast) | Balance Al, 6.5–7.5% Si, 0.25–0.45% Mg | 2.68 |
| 30 | Aluminum A380 (Die Cast) | Balance Al, 7.5–9.5% Si, 3.0–4.0% Cu, 3.0% Zn, 1.3% Fe | 2.71 |
3. Copper Alloys (Brasses and Bronzes)
| No. | Alloy Grade / Common Name | Nominal Chemical Composition | Density (g/cm³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31 | Yellow Brass (C260) | 70% Cu, 30% Zn | 8.53 |
| 32 | Red Brass (C230) | 85% Cu, 15% Zn | 8.75 |
| 33 | Naval Brass (C464) | 60% Cu, 39.2% Zn, 0.8% Sn | 8.41 |
| 34 | Admiralty Brass (C443) | 71% Cu, 28% Zn, 1% Sn, 0.04% As | 8.53 |
| 35 | Lead-Free Brass (Eco-Brass) | 76% Cu, 21% Zn, 3% Si, <0.09% Pb | 8.45 |
| 36 | Phosphor Bronze (C510) | 95% Cu, 5% Sn, 0.2% P | 8.86 |
| 37 | Aluminum Bronze (C954) | 85% Cu, 11% Al, 4% Fe | 7.45 |
| 38 | Silicon Bronze (C655) | 97% Cu, 3% Si | 8.53 |
| 39 | Bearing Bronze (SAE 660) | 83% Cu, 7% Sn, 7% Pb, 3% Zn | 8.87 |
| 40 | Cupronickel 70/30 (C715) | 70% Cu, 30% Ni | 8.94 |
| 41 | Cupronickel 90/10 (C706) | 90% Cu, 10% Ni | 8.91 |
| 42 | Nickel Silver | 65% Cu, 18% Ni, 17% Zn | 8.75 |
| 43 | Beryllium Copper (C172) | 98% Cu, 1.9% Be, 0.1% Co | 8.25 |
| 44 | Manganin | 86% Cu, 12% Mn, 2% Ni | 8.40 |
| 45 | Constantan | 55% Cu, 45% Ni | 8.90 |
| 46 | Gilding Metal (C210) | 95% Cu, 5% Zn | 8.86 |
| 47 | Muntz Metal | 60% Cu, 40% Zn | 8.39 |
| 48 | Bell Metal | 78% Cu, 22% Sn | 8.70 |
| 49 | Speculum Metal | 67% Cu, 33% Sn | 8.50 |
| 50 | Nordic Gold | 89% Cu, 5% Al, 5% Zn, 1% Sn | 6.60 |
4. Titanium, Magnesium, and Nickel Superalloys
| No. | Alloy Grade / Common Name | Nominal Chemical Composition | Density (g/cm³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 51 | Ti-6Al-4V (Titanium Gr 5) | 90% Ti, 6% Al, 4% V | 4.43 |
| 52 | Titanium Grade 2 (CP) | 99%+ Ti (Commercial Pure trace O, Fe, C) | 4.51 |
| 53 | Nitinol | 55% Ni, 45% Ti | 6.45 |
| 54 | Magnesium AZ31B | 96% Mg, 3% Al, 1% Zn | 1.77 |
| 55 | Magnesium AZ91D (Cast) | 90% Mg, 9% Al, 1% Zn | 1.81 |
| 56 | Inconel 625 | 61% Ni, 22% Cr, 9% Mo, 3.6% Nb, 5% Fe | 8.44 |
| 57 | Inconel 718 | 53% Ni, 19% Cr, 18% Fe, 5% Nb, 3% Mo, 0.9% Ti | 8.19 |
| 58 | Monel 400 | 67% Ni, 30% Cu, 1.5% Fe, 1.2% Mn | 8.80 |
| 59 | Hastelloy C-276 | 57% Ni, 16% Mo, 16% Cr, 5% Fe, 4% W | 8.89 |
| 60 | Nichrome | 80% Ni, 20% Cr | 8.40 |
| 61 | Chromel | 90% Ni, 10% Cr | 8.73 |
| 62 | Alumel | 95% Ni, 2% Mn, 2% Al, 1% Si | 8.60 |
| 63 | Permalloy | 80% Ni, 20% Fe | 8.70 |
| 64 | Mu-Metal | 77% Ni, 16% Fe, 5% Cu, 2% Cr or Mo | 8.70 |
| 65 | Stellite 6 | 60% Co, 28% Cr, 4.5% W, 1.2% C | 8.44 |
5. Precious Metal Alloys
| No. | Alloy Grade / Common Name | Nominal Chemical Composition | Density (g/cm³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 66 | 14K Yellow Gold | 58.3% Au, 23–30% Cu, 12–18% Ag, <5% Zn | 13.10 |
| 67 | 18K Yellow Gold | 75.0% Au, 12.5% Cu, 12.5% Ag | 15.60 |
| 68 | 22K Gold (Crown Gold) | 91.7% Au, 8.3% Cu or Ag | 17.80 |
| 69 | 14K White Gold | 58.3% Au, 23–30% Ni or Pd, Balance Zn/Cu | 12.60 |
| 70 | 18K White Gold | 75.0% Au, 17% Ni, 5.5% Zn, 2.5% Cu | 14.70 |
| 71 | 14K Rose Gold | 58.3% Au, 32.5% Cu, 9.2% Ag | 13.00 |
| 72 | Sterling Silver (925) | 92.5% Ag, 7.5% Cu | 10.36 |
| 73 | Britannia Silver (958) | 95.8% Ag, 4.2% Cu | 10.40 |
| 74 | Argentium Silver | 93.5% Ag, 5.3% Cu, 1.2% Ge | 10.30 |
| 75 | Platinum Jewelry (950 Pt/Ir) | 95% Pt, 5% Ir | 21.45 |
| 76 | Platinum-Ruthenium Alloy | 95% Pt, 5% Ru | 20.70 |
| 77 | White Gold Palladium Alloy | 75% Au, 25% Pd | 15.80 |
| 78 | Shibuichi | 75% Cu, 25% Ag | 8.90 |
| 79 | Shakudo | 96% Cu, 4% Au | 8.92 |
| 80 | Electrum | ~80% Au, 20% Ag | 12.50 |
6. Fusible, Low-Melting, and Specialty Heavy Alloys
| No. | Alloy Grade / Common Name | Nominal Chemical Composition | Density (g/cm³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 81 | 60/40 Tin-Lead Solder | 60% Sn, 40% Pb | 8.50 |
| 82 | SAC305 Lead-Free Solder | 96.5% Sn, 3.0% Ag, 0.5% Cu | 7.38 |
| 83 | Pewter (Modern) | 91% Sn, 7% Sb, 2% Cu | 7.28 |
| 84 | Babbitt Metal (Tin-based) | 89% Sn, 7% Sb, 4% Cu | 7.28 |
| 85 | Wood's Metal | 50% Bi, 25% Pb, 12.5% Sn, 12.5% Cd | 9.70 |
| 86 | Field's Metal | 51% In, 32.5% Bi, 16.5% Sn | 7.88 |
| 87 | Galinstan | 68.5% Ga, 21.5% In, 10% Sn | 6.44 |
| 88 | Dental Amalgam | 50% Hg, 35% Ag, 13% Sn, 2% Cu | 11.60 |
| 89 | Vitallium | 60% Co, 30% Cr, 5% Mo | 8.30 |
| 90 | Zamac 3 | 96% Zn, 4% Al, 0.04% Mg | 6.60 |
| 91 | Zamac 5 | 95% Zn, 4% Al, 1% Cu, 0.05% Mg | 6.70 |
| 92 | Type Metal | 80% Pb, 12% Sb, 8% Sn | 10.50 |
| 93 | Tungsten Heavy Alloy (Class 1) | 90% W, 7% Ni, 3% Fe | 17.00 |
| 94 | Cerrobend | 50% Bi, 26.7% Pb, 13.3% Sn, 10% Cd | 9.40 |
| 95 | Magnalium | 95% Al, 5% Mg | 2.00 |
| 96 | Mischmetal | 50% Ce, 25% La, 15% Nd, 10% other rare earths | 6.50 |
| 97 | Terfenol-D | 70% Fe, 18% Dy, 12% Tb | 9.25 |
| 98 | Fernico | 54% Fe, 28% Ni, 18% Co | 8.25 |
| 99 | Raney Nickel | 50% Ni, 50% Al | 6.50 |
| 100 | Elgiloy | 40% Co, 20% Cr, 15% Ni, 15% Fe, 7% Mo, 2% Mn | 8.30 |
Is the list right? Or what do you think, which alloy should be in included in the top 100 alloy list? For a deeper understanding, you may refer to the 95 metals page.